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M5 U13 L4 同位语从句+条件句的虚拟 蒋虹

录入者:teacher  人气指数: 次  发布时间:2012年01月13日

1.   同位语从句  

1  

同位语从句的名词通常有newsideafactpromisequestiondoubtthoughthopemessagesuggestionwords(消息),possibility  

I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon   

我 从王 先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。  

The thought came to him that maybe she was a selfish girl.   

他开始觉得她是一个自私的女生。  

(注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略;在同位语从句中不充当句子成分)  

   

2  

英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词thatwhether,连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which;连接副词 how,when,where等。  

The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。  

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。  

连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句  

1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语)  

2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好,这是个人口味的问题。(which作定语)  

3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. who作主语)
连接副词when, where, how, why引导同位语从句  

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。  

【注意】在某些名词(demand, wish, suggestion, resolution)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气  

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。  

   

   

定语从句的的语法区别:  

1.意义的不同  

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是说明所修饰名词的性质特征  

We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)  

We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)  

2. 引导词的不同  

what, how, whatever 等可引导同位语从句,但不引导定语从句。  

3. 引导词的功能上的不同  

that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told宾语  

4. 被修饰词语的区别  

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外,whenwhere 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:  

I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)  

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)  

   

   

   

   

2.   条件句的虚拟  

 

虚拟情况  

条件状语从句  

主句  

现在事实相反  

过去式(be的形式用were  

would/should/could/might do  

过去事实相反  

had done  

would/should/could/might+have done  

将来可能相反  

过去式  

should+动词原形  

were+不定式  

would/should/could/might do  

   

(1)          If I were you, I would study harder.  

(2)          If Jenny hadn’t been a kind person, I would never have experienced such true friendship.  

(3)          If I had devoted more energies to my study, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.  

省略if,部分倒装 Had I devoted …  

 
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