特殊的反意疑问句

浅谈特殊的反意疑问句

反意疑问句是附加在陈述句之后,对所陈述内容提出质疑或通过反问以强化陈述内容的一种疑问句。

正常情况下,如果陈述部分是肯定的,附加部分用否定形式,如果陈述部分是否定的,附加部分用肯定形式。附加部分的助动词和代词应与陈述部分一致。

e.g. They are students, aren't they?

They aren't students, are they?

She works hard, doesn't she?

you have worked hard for three years, haven't you?

但是我们常常会遇到特殊的、不符合以上规律的反意疑问句。本文要讨论的就是这种特殊形式的反意疑问句。

1.祈使句+ will you / won't you/ can't you?

这种结构严格的说是形式上的反意疑问句或叫类反意疑问句。这种结构使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气. will you多表示请求,表示告诉某人做某事,附加部分多用will, would , can使语气更婉转. won't you多表示邀请或提醒对方注意。

e.g. Go to the cinema now, will/won't you?

Look at the blackboard, will/won't you?

e.g. Come here, would you?

Stop talking, can you?

注意:

A).否定式祈使句后面的附加部分不可用won't you,

一般用will you ,也可用can you .

e.g. Don't make a noise, will /can you?

B). Let's...., shall/ shan't we? Let's...含义是咱们...包括说话的对方,所以人称代词要用we.

e.g. Let's go home, shall we? Let's go home, shan't we?

但Let us/ me/him ...., will/ won't you ?

Let me ....除了可用will you外还可用may I,要注意意义

Let me help you, may I?我可以....吗?

Let me help you, will you?你让我....吗?

2.感叹句的反意疑问句附加部分用to be的一般现在时的否定式。

e.g. What fine weather, isn't it?

How hard she works, isn't she?

3.陈述部分含有need, dare的反意疑问句

A).当need , dare为普通动词时,反意疑问句附加部分用助动词do的某种形式。

e.g. He needs help, doesn't he?

B).当need , dare为情态动词时,反意疑问句附加部分用其本身。

e.g. We need do it again, needn't we?

He dare not say so, dare he?

当陈述部分有needn't时,反意疑问句附加部分一般用need有时可用must.

e.g. He needn't do that, need he?

He needn't do that, must he?

4.当陈述部分有used to...时,反意疑问句附加部分用didn't/ usedn't/ used +主语+ not?

e.g. She used to visit her uncle on holidays, didn't she?

She used to visit her uncle on holidays, usedn't she?

He used to play football when he was young, used he not?

5.当陈述部分有I am ...时,反意疑问句附加部分用

aren't I / ain't I或am I not?

e.g. I am interested in English, aren't I?

I am interested in English, ain't I?

I am working now, am I not?

例外:

I'm very thirsty, aren't you?我很渴,你呢?

这句中的aren't you? === how about you?

6.当陈述部分有ought to时,反意疑问句附加部分用

ought或should.

e.g. We ought to start at once, oughtn't we?

We ought to start at once, shouldn't we?

Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?

Such things ought not to be allowed, should they?

7.当陈述部分含有must时,要注意must的含义。

表示一定要,必须时,反意疑问句附加部分用

mustn't或needn't

e.g. He must work hard at physics, mustn't he?

You must renew the book, needn't you?

表示推测一定是,必定是时,反意疑问句附加部分有下列情况:

A).当陈述部分有must be ...时,反意疑问句附加部分用be的现在时态。

e.g. He must be very tired, isn't he?

He must be working hard at the office, isn't he?

B). must have +过去分词表示对过去的推测

a).单纯表示对过去的推测,与现在无关,反意疑问句附加部分用过去式。

b).表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续现在,反意疑问句附加部分用现在完成式。

e.g. He must have come yesterday, didn't he?

You must have studied English for years, haven't you?

He must have lived here at least ten years, hasn't he?

8. can't表示推测作不可能解时,反意疑问句附加部分根据后的动词选用相应的形式。

e.g. He can't be a doctor, is he?

The workers can't have finished their work, have they?

9.当陈述部分有have to时,反意疑问句附加部分用助动词do的某种形式。

e.g. Jack has to go there on foot, doesn't he?

We have to get up early, don't we?

但: have got to..., have ...?

We have got to work hard, haven't we?

10.当陈述部分谓语有had better时,反意疑问句附加部分用shouldn't / hadn't

e.g. You'd better put on your coat, shouldn't you?

You'd better put on your coat, hadn't you?

We had better go right now, shouldn't we?

We had better go right now, hadn't we?

11.当陈述部分谓语有would rather或would like to时,反意疑问句附加部分用wouldn't +主语。

e.g. He would rather read the text ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

You'd like to have some bananas, wouldn't you?

12.当陈述部分主语是I wish ...时,反意疑问句附加部分用may I?注意:前后均需用肯定式

e.g. I wish to go home, may I?

I wish I were you, may I?

13.当陈述部分含有主从复合句时,

a).注意观察主句的主语。主句的主语是第一人称(we, I)时。反意疑问句附加部分的主语与从句主语一致。否则与主句主语一致。b).注意否定转移!当主句谓语动词是suppose, think, expect, belive, imagine时,只要出现否定词Not反意疑问句附加部分就用肯定形式。

e.g.

I think he will be back in an hour, won't he?

We don't suppose he cares, does he?

You don't suppose he cares, do you?

c).含有主从复合句的反意疑问句附加部分与句子的重心一致.

e.g.

It is said that he is a teacher, isn't he?

14.当陈述部分是并列句时,反意疑问句附加部分用与最接近(最后一个)分句的主语、谓语一致。

e.g. We must study English hard or we can't be good at it, can we?

He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher, isn't she?

15.当陈述部分有下列否定词时,反意疑问句附加部分用肯定结构。

( few; little ; seldom; hardly; never; not; no; no one; no body ; nothing;none; neither等)

e.g. There is little ink in your pen, is there?

He can hardly write his name, can he?

然而

1)如果陈述部分的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀而构成的,附加部分依然用否定式。

e.g. It's unfair, isn't it?

You are hopeless, aren't you?

She dislike doing housework, didn't she?

She had a dislike for housework, didn't she?

2). no one, nobody, none, nothing, neither在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,反意疑问句附加部分一般用肯定结构间或也可用否定结构。

e.g. You got nothing from him, did(n't) you?

He has nothing to say, does(n't) he?

16.以引导词there开始的句子(不包括作地点状语的there ),反意疑问句附加部分主语也用there.

e.g.

There'll be enough for everybody, won't there?

There seems to be no question about it, doesn't there?

17. A).陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用it.

e.g. Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it?

Nothing is serious, is it?

B).陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody,someone, nobody, no one, none, neither (注意这些代词一般指人)时,反意疑问句附加部分主语一般用they,也可用he.

e.g. Everyone is here, aren't they?

Neither side could win, could they?

No one knows about it, do they?

None of the students are absent, are they?

Everyone knows this, don't they?

Everyone knows this, doesn't he?

例外: none of +表示物的名词或代词,就是说none不指人或是不可数名词时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用it.

e.g. None of it is hers, is it?

None of his money is left, is it?

C).陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用it;陈述部分的主语是these或those时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用they.

e.g. This is a beautiful picture, isn't it?

Those are Japanese, aren't they?

D).陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句附加部分主语可以用one,也可以用you. (美国英语中还可以用he)

e.g. One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one?

One can't be too careful, can you?

E).当neither ... nor; both ... and连接两个主语时,附加部分的主语常用复数。

e.g.

Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?

Both you and he are students, are you?

Both Xiao Li and Xiao Wang are students, are they?

18.陈述部分的主语是主语从句,不定式短语,或动名词短语时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用it.

e.g. What you need is more practice, isn't it?

To learn English well isn't easy, is it?

Swimming is great fun, isn't it?

19.在口语对话中,表示讥讽或怀疑时,往往先简略重复之后再反问,回答时陈述部分与反意疑问句附加部分一致。(同时否定或肯定。这种句式叫同向反意疑问句)

e.g.

----- Tom told me he saw a ghost last night.

----- He did, did he?

e.g.

----- You mustn't listen to his story.

----- Oh, I mustn't, mustn't I?

若回答时先用了yes或no ,便不强求一致。

e.g.

---- We might be able to beat them.

---- Yes, we might, mightn't we?

20.陈述部分以so开头时,反意疑问句附加部分用同向疑问句,表示惊讶,怀疑或不满等情绪。

e.g. So you are getting married, are you?

So you don't like my cooking, don't you?