高考英语书面表达常见错误及对策

高考书面表达常见错误及对策

(一)低级错误
是指那些最基本的错误，譬如拼写(大小写)错误；冠词错误；名词单数和复数的错误；主宾格的错误；介词的误用；形容词和副词的误用；时态的错误；主谓一致等等。以上错误在写作中最常见。避免的办法是写完后认真默读一遍，仔细核对，一般可以自己改正。

请看下列来自学生习作的错句并加以改正。
1 I haven\'t see you for several month. Hope you are very good.
2 Suddenly I had a idea.
3 I asked he what happened.
4 I am back in China. Thanks for help me in Australia.
5 I felt sadly, because a few of my classmates laugh to me in class.
6 Both my mother and my sister likes listen to pop music.
7 Collect stamp is my favorite hobby.
8 I have been to England twice two years ago. I hope you to come to China for a visit.
9 I was absent yesterday because I have to look for my sister. She was ill at home
10 I hurt me when playing football yesterday afternoon.

(二)句子结构错误
这种错误常见的有句子结构不完整(如漏掉be动词)；在表达时试图用比较复杂的结构，但往往又事与愿违，丢三落四；2个句子之间缺乏连词或多用连词；写出断句(sentence fragment)等等。对策是学好英语中的复合句(包括定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句)，重点把握连词的用法；还要充分理解句子和句子的逻辑关系。

请看下列来自学生习作的错句并加以改正。
1 My home town on the bank of the Changjiang River.
2 Guo Jingjing, who has won two gold medals, she was born in Hebei.
3 This is all what I know about it.
4 I have a good friend, his name is Li Lei.
5 Last week our class went on a trip to a factory, it is a modern plastic factory.
6 I think you should put on more clothes. Because it is very cold.
7 I don’t know that when they left here.
8 One morning it was raining strongly. However, I was late for school.
9 I don’t know where is the nearest post office.
10 English is not easy to learn well is a fact.



(三)中文式英语（Chinglish）
由于受母语的影响，不少学生在写作时往往习惯于用中文构思或把中文直接翻译成英文，造成用词不当或句子成分的缺失，结果经常出现不地道的汉式英语。这种错误的出现在书面表达中最多。避免这种错误的正确做法是：掌握英语句子的基本构成(五种简单句的结构，即主语+谓语+宾语；主语+谓语+状语；主语+连系动词+表语；主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语；主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)；注意英文表达和中文表达在结构（顺序）上的不同；注意英文和中文词汇意义上的差别（尤其遇到难于表达或英语中没有的词汇可以采用解释法）；注意英语中的惯用句型；多读短小精悍的文章，培养语感。

请看下列来自学生习作的错句并加以改正。
1 When you come, give me a telephone. (你来的时候给我一个电话。)
2 In the football match, our class won Class 4 (在下午的足球比赛中我们班赢了4班。)
3 I very like English. (我非常喜欢英语。)
4 My name is Li HuaI and I in 1985 was born in Dalian. (我的名字叫李华。我1985年出生在大连。)
5 I have 165cm tall. My body is very good. (我有1米65。我的身体很好。)
6 I got No. 1 in the middle exam and then went to a key senior middle school.(我在中考中得了第一，然后上了一所重点高中。)
7 You have no need to look up every word when reading. (阅读时你没有必要查每一个单词。)
8 China’s history is very long, has over 5,000 years. (中国的历史很悠久，有5000多年了。)
9 Outside is very cold. You had better not go out. (外面很冷，你最好别出去。)
10 In wait for a bus, the weather began to rain. (在等车的时候天下雨了。)