动名词讲与练

非谓语动词---动名词　　

        陈巧桂  Sept.3.2009　　

非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。　　

一． 动名词的基本用法：　　

1）作主语：Seeing is believing.          　　

Talking is easier than doing. 　　

It isn´t necessary explaining to him. 　　

It´s no use waiting here.　　

2）作表语：My hobby is collecting stamps . 　　

His job is washing and cooking.　　

3）作宾语：　　

When he came in,we all stopped talking .　　

He has given up smoking. 　　

We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon.　　

Are you fond of dancing?　　

The boy isn´t worth teaching.　　

   （注 ： 有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，有些动词后只跟不定式做宾语。动名词与不定式作宾语含义不同，详见后文。）　　

4）作定语：This is her father´s walking stick.　　

二．动名词的复合结构：　　

1．形式：his/him working there　　

Wang Dong´s/Wang Dong working there　　

 2.语法功能：　　

1）作主语：　　

Your smoking too much will do harm to your health.（动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用sb´s的形式，此句中的Your不可改为You。）　　

2）作宾语：I don´t like his/him staying with us.　　

3）作表语：My joy is his winning the table－tennis game.（his不能改为him）　　

三．动名词的完成式：　　

       动名词的一般式所表示的动作为一种时间要领不强的或泛指的动作，或是与句中谓语同时发生，或在谓语之后发生的动作。　　

       如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，则要用完成式。例如：　　

       We were praised for having completed our task ahead of time.　　

   在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等动词之后，或在某些介词或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。　　

四．动名词的被动式　　

如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。　　

       例如：The problem is far from being settled.　　

动名词的完成被动式往往用一般被动式来代替，以免句子显得累赘。例如：　　

I still remember being invited（代替having been invited）by a famous artist when I was 　　

in 　　Shanghai　　.　　

五． 动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较　　

<1>作主语：　　

(1)               多数情况两者可以互换。　　

例如：Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.　　

       Talking is easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to do is     difficult.　　

(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。例如：　　

   It took him two hours to finish the work.　　

   To be a scientist is his desire（愿望）.　　

（3）    如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。　　

例如： Getting up early is a good habit.　　

<2>作宾语：　　

(1)  有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多，主要有：begin, start, continue, love, prefer等。　　

(2)  有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有：wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse, decide等.　　

(3)  有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：　　

finish, imagine, insist on, enjoy, escape, consider, can´t help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, 　　

practise, put off（延迟）＝delay, suggest, feel like, look forward to, devote…to,be worth.　　

(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有：　　

forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on 　　

       A.forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事　　

      forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget to have  done sth.　　

   B.remember to do sth. 记住要做某事  　　

remember doing sth.记住做过某事　　

   C.regret to do sth. 遗憾去做某事  　　

regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事　　

      D.stop to do sth. 停下（原事）去做某事　　

        stop doing sth. 停止做某事　　

      E.mean to do sth. 决意／打算做某事  　　

mean doing sth.  意味着…　　

      F.try to do sth. 尽力去做某事　　

        try doing sth. 尝试去做某事　　

      G..want/need/require to do sth. 要／想做某事　　

        want/need/require doing/to be done.     需要／想要被…　　

      H.go on to do sth.  继续做不同的事 　　

 go on doing sth. 继续做相同的事　　

I.                    consider to do sth.被认为…　　

consider doing sth.考虑做…　　

                       基础填空练习　　

用所给动词的正确形式填空　　

1.      He did nothing but ______________ a letter last night.(write)　　

2.      he had no choice but ______________ down and ______________ a rest.(lie, have)　　

3.      I have a lot of books _______________.(read)　　

4.       “Do you have any clothes _______________ today?” the maid asked Mrs Smith. (wash)　　

5.      To see is _______________.(believe)　　

6.      Seeing is _______________. (believe)　　

7.      It is no use ________________ books without ________________ them. (buy, read)　　

8.      It’s not necessary _______________ this kind of books.(read)　　

9.      Revolution means ________________ the productive power.(liberate)　　

10.  I meant _________________ on you, but I was too busy.(call)　　

11.  Look! The bus is coming. It will stop ______________ up the passengers.(pick)　　

12.  The bus is crowded already. It will stop _______________ up the passengers. (pick)　　

13.  This instrument is used to _________________ machine.(check)　　

14.  I’m not used to  _________________ by air. I feel sick.(travel)　　

15.  She is not used to _____________ to like that. (speak)　　

16.  He used ____________ on the right in China, but he soon got used to _________ on the left in England.(drive)　　

17.  The doctor asked him not to leave the windows ________, so as to let in the fresh air.(close)　　

18.  Don’t leave the candle _________________ when you are out. (burn)　　

19.  I was late and missed ___________________ the whole film.(see)　　

20.  The deer was so lucky that it just missed __________________.(catch)　　

21.  I wanted to have him _____________ the job, but he said he had had it ________ already. (do)　　

22.  It was so cold that they had the fire ________________ all night.(burn)　　

23.  You’d better have the sick boy ______________ by the doctor at once.(examine)　　

24.  The old lady over there seems to have a lot _______________ about.(worry)　　

25.  His words made me __________________ deeply. (think)　　

26.  The girl was made __________________ a man she didn’t love at all.(marry)　　

27.  The professor’s speech made me _______________ in the study of science.(interest)　　

28.  Mr. White raised his voice so as to make his listeners ______________ more clearly.(hear)　　

29.  He raised his voice so as to make himself _________________ more clearly.(hear)　　

30.  The teacher wanted me ____________________ the question.(answer)　　

31.  The mother wanted her son ____________________ on without delay.(operate)　　

32.  He suggested _______________ once more. (try)　　

33.  He suggested that a meeting ___________________ next week.(hold)　　

34.  His pale face suggested that he __________________ in poor health.(be)　　

35.  _____________ as the best student, LiMing was praised.(regard)　　

36.  _____________ LiMing as the best student, the teacher often praises him.(regard)　　

37.  The boss ordered the worker __________________ the work at once. (do)　　

38.  The boss ordered the work _________________ at once.(do)　　

39.  The teacher requires each of his students __________ a composition every other week.(write)　　

40.  These chickens require _____________________ after carefully.(look)　　

41.  The book is worth _________________.(read)　　

42.  The book is worthy __________________.(read)　　

43.  The book is worthy of ______________________.(read)　　

44.  The building ________________________ now will be our laboratory.(build)　　

45.  The building ______________________ next year will be our laboratory.(build)　　

46.  The building ____________________ last year is our laboratory.(build)　　

47.  He is looking forward to _________________ the film.(see)　　

48.  He looked forward to ______________ what was happening in front.(see)　　

49.The teacher came into the classroom, ________________by his students.(follow)　　

50.The teacher came into the classroom, his students __________________ him.(follow)　　

练一练　　

1.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.　　

  A.to play          B.play                C.to be playing             D.playing　　

2.The children insisted ______ there on foot.　　

  A.they going      B.they would go     C.on their going      D.going　　

3.He still remembers _____ to 　　Shanghai　　 when he was very young.　　

  A.taking           B.being taken       C.taken     D.having taken　　

4.With the boy ____ the way, we had no trouble ___ the way ____ to 　　Zhongshan　 　Park　　.　　

  A. leading; finding; leading       B. to lead; found; to lead　　

  C. led; finding; led                     D. leading; found; led　　

5.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the 　Atlantic Ocean　 in five days.(NMET)　　

   A. to have sailed      B. to sail            C. sailing         D. sail　　

6.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ______ against  your 　　

face.(MET)　　

   A.moved           B.moving            C.moves           D.to move　　

7.While shopping, people sometimes can´t help __ into buying something they  don´t really need.　　

 A. persuade       B. persuading    C. being persuaded    D. be persuaded　　

8.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.(MET)　　

   A. followed        B. following   C. to be followed    D. being followed　　

9.Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .　　

   A.come;permitted                               B. coming; permitted 　　

   C.comimg;being permitted               D. to come; being permitted　　

10.______ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ___ then.　　

   A. Holding; being held     B. Held; holding C. Having held; held    D. Held; to be held　　

11.­——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?　　

   ——Yes, and I heard this song ______ in English.　　

   A. sing; singing      B. sung; sung    C. sung; singing       D. singing; sung　　

12.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.　　

   A. discussed; discussed                B. discussing; had discussed　　

   C. being discussed; discussed         D. discussing; discussing　　

13.With the cooking ______ ,I went on ____ some sewing.　　

   A. done; to do                 B. being done; doing C. to be done; doing           D. to have done; doing　　

14.It is no use/good ______ your past mistakes.　　

   A.regretting      B.regret            C.to regret        D.regretted　　

15.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her, only ______ her five children.　　

  A. left; to leave     B. leaving; leaving    C. leaving; left       D. left; leaving　　

16.I would appreciate ______ back this affernoon.(NMET)　　

   A. you to call       B. you call   C. your calling       D. you´re calling　　

17.Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .　　

   A. tiring; tired       B. tired; tiring    C. tiring; tiring      D. tired; tired　　

18.I saw some villagers __ on the bench at the end of the room.　　

A. seating           B. seat    C. seated           D. seated themselves　　

19.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.　　

   A.take              B.to be taken         C.taken                  D.taking　　

20.______ maps properly, you need a special pen.　　

   A. Drawn            B. Drawing           C. To draw             D. Be drawing　　

21.There is a river ______ around our school.　　

   A.to run          B.run          C.running        D.to be running　　

22.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?　　

   A.to take         B.take            C.taking         D.to be taken　　

23.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but 　　

unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set ______ when I got home.　　

   A. lying; stolen      B. laying; stealing  C. lay; stolen    D. lying; stealing　　

24.With the kind－hearted boy ______ me with my work,　　

I´m sure I´ll be able to spare time ______with your work.　　

   A. to help; help you out                    B. helping; helping you 　　

   C. helped; to help you out                  D. to help; to help you　　

25.What´s troubling them is ________enough experienced workers.　　

   A. that they have to    B. they have not   C. their not having       D. not their having　　

26.Go on ______the other exercise after you have finished this one.(MET)　　

   A.to do             B.doing             C.with            D.to be doing　　

27.The day we looked forward to ______ .　　

   A.come         B.coming            C.has come        D.have come　　

28.Whom would you rather ______ the work?　　

   A.to have to do       B.to have do  C.have to do           D.have do 　　

29.Do you think it any good ______ with him again?　　

   A.to talk            B.talking     C.to talking      D.having talked　　

30.The government forbids ______ such bad books.　　

   A.published         B.to publish      C.publish     D.publishing　　

The government forbids us______ such bad books.　　

   A.published         B.to publish      C.publish     D.publishing　　

高考真题演练　　

1.—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.　　

—Sorry. With so much work _____ my mind, I almost break down.　　

A. filled        B. filling        C. to fill       D. being filled　　

2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ___ he gladly accepted it.　　

 A. finished                     B. finishing           C. having finished                D. was finished　　

3. —Robert is indeed a wise man.　　

—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _____ his advice!　　

 A. to take                   B. taking       C. not to take                   D. not taking　　

4. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _______.　　

A. to be heard                      B. to have heard       C. hearing                      D. being heard　　

5. ______ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.　　

A. Driven              B. Being driven                    C. To drive       D. Having driven　　

6. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do.　　

A. moved              B. moving    C. to move          D. being moved　　

7. “Things ______ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.　　

A. lost                        B. losing              C. to lose              D. have lost　　

8. Please remain ________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.　　

A. to seat                  B. to be seated              C. seating                          D. seated　　

9. Peter received a letter just now ____ his grandma would come to see him soon.　　

A. said    B. says   C. saying         D. to say　　

10．He is a student at Oxford University, _____ for a degree in computer science.　　

A. studied                        B. studying              C. to have studied          D. to be studying　　

11. I smell something ____ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?　　

A. burning            B. burnt       C. being burnt         D. to be burnt　　

12. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there __ for a space flight.　　

A. training            B. being trained      C. to have trained           D. to be trained　　

13.—Can I smoke here ?　　

  —Sorry. We don’t allow __here.　　

  A. people smoking            B. people smoke        C. to smoke      D. smoking　　

14. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _____.　　

A. need repairing         B. needs to repair C. needs repairing               D. need to repair　　

15. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ______ in 　　

the natural light during the day.　　

A. to let              B. letting         C. let       D. having let　　

16. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _______ him.　　

A. calling      B. called       C. being called    D. to call　　

17. I like getting up early in summer . The morning air is good _____.　　

A. to be breathed       B. to breathe  C. breathing          D. being breathed　　

18. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.　　

A. Completing          B . Complete  C. Completed         D. To complete　　

19. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant.　　

A. working              B .work   C . to work             D . worked　　

20. He was busy writing a story, only ____ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.　　

A. to stop           B. stopping   C. to have stopped     D. having stopped　　

21. ____ that he was in great danger ,Eric walked deep into the forest.　　

A. Not realized      B. Not to realize C. Not realizing     D. Not to have realized　　

22.  ____that she was going off to sleep , I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.　　

A. Seeing             B. To see       C. See                D. Seen　　

23. ---Did the book give the information you needed?　　

   ---Yes. But ___ it , I had to read the entire book.　　

A. to find              B. find     C. to be finding            D. finding　　

24. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ____ alone, but she didn’t 　　

like it and moved back home.　　

A. living             B. to live   C. to be living       D. having lived　　

25. As a new driver , I have to pratise ____ the car in my small garage again and again.　　

A . parking          B . to park   C . parked           D . park　　

26. To learn English well ,we should find opportunities to hear English ___as much as we can.　　

A. speak            B. speaking   C. spoken            D. to speak　　

27. If there is a lot of work ____, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished .　　

A . to do           B . to be doing   C .done              D . doing  　　

28. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment.　　

   A. wait          B. to be waiting      C. waited       D. waiting　　

29. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.　　

A. allowing          B. to allow    C. allowed       D. allows　　

30. ._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.　　

   A. To walk.        B. Walking       C. Walked          D. Having walked　　

练一练答案：　　

1―5 DCBAC     6―10 BCBCA      11―15 DCAAD      16―20 CACCC　　

21―25 CCADC   26―30 ACDAD/B     　　

高考真题演练答案：　　

1.BADAA 6. ADCB 11. ADDAB 16.ABDAB 21. CAABA 26.CADCB　　

基础填空答案：　　

1.      write 2.to lie /have 3.to read 4. to be washed 5.to believe 6. believing 7.buying /reading 　　

8.to read 9.liberating 10. to call 11. to pick 12.picking 13.check 14.travelling 15.being spoken 　　

16.to drive /driving 17. closed 18.burning 19. seeing 20. being caught 21. do/done 22. burning 23.examined 24. to worry 25.think 26.to marry 27.intrested 28. hear 29. heard 30. to answer　　

31. operated 32. trying 33. be held 34. was 35. Regarded 36. Regarding 37. to do 38. done 　　

39. to write 40. looking 41. reading 42. to be read 43. being read 44.being built 45. to be built 46. built 47. seeing 48. see 49. followed 50. following