不定代词与动词不定式讲与练

不定代词

泉州七中陈巧桂

（一）some / any　　

1.一般用法　　some和any可与单,复数名词或不可数名词连用。Some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句.否定或条件句。

He has some Chinese paintings.　　

Do you have any questions to ask me?　　

2.特殊用法（１）any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。

You may take any of them.　　

（２）some用在单数可数名词前表示“某一”。

Smith went to some place in 　　England　　.　　

（３）some　用在表示请求或邀请的问句中，表示期望对方作出肯定回答。

Would you like some bananas?　　

（二）a lot of/ many/ much　　

Many和much都表示许多，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。A lot of许多，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。在否定句中分别用many和much代替。

A lot of people got hurt in the accident, including many students.　　

There isn’t much rain in 　　Xuzhou　　 in winter.　　

He has got a lot of model planes, but I don’t have any.　　

（三）both / allnone / neither　　

Both“两者都”　可指人和物。

This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.　　

注₁：both用于否定句表示部分否定，表示完全否定时，用neither.　　

Both of us are not teachers. 　　

我们俩并不都是教师。

Neither of us is a teacher.

我们俩都不是教师。

注₂：both应放在the, these, those, my之前。

Both my parents like this film.　　

All “全部的，整个的”通常与不可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时表示“所有的，全部的”指三者或三者以上的人或物。

He gave me all the money.　　

All of us were surprised at the news.　　

注₁：all用于否定句表示部分否定，完全否定用none.　　

Not all the ants go out for food.　并非所有的蚂蚁都出去找吃的。

None of the students are here.　没有一个学生在场。

注₂:None还可以回答How many开头的疑问句

--How many birds are there in the tree?　　

--None at all　　

all有时可以作状语,意为“全,十分”　　

Everything is all right　　

all常用在一些惯用法中,如after all(毕竟), above all,(首先) in all,(总计) at all,(到底,根本) all in all(总的来说)　　

All in all, this is a good book.　　

Above all, you should try　　

After all, he is only a child　　

（四）another / other /the other/the second　　

the other表示两者中的另一个，

the other +复数可数名词表“其他的．．．”　　

the others表示其他的人或物。

Others及other＋复数名词泛指其他的人和物。

Another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上中的）另一个。

He got two books: one is a textbook, the other is a novel.　　

Some of the pencils are red, the others/ the other pens are yellow.　　

Please give me another book.　　

another修饰复数可数名词时，意为“再.又”。

Please give me another ten minutes.　　

one… another/ a second…a third…the other　意为“一个…一个…一个…”用于三者或三者以上的并列。

There are four cars in the yard. One is red, another (a second) is yellow, a third is blue and the other is black.　　

some….others…意为“一些….一些”　　

Some are singing, others are dancing.　　

语法巩固

1.用another, the other, others或the others填空

1). There are two lions in the zoo. One is old and _____is young.　　

2). We have many problems to discuss. One is how many guests we should invite, ______ is whose house we should use and the third is….　　

3). There are three types of tiger living in 　　China　　. Some _____ live in 　　America　　.　　

4). They saw ten suits in the window of the shop. Three of them were cheap. ______ were expensive.　　

2.用either, neither, no或none填空

1).A: Are you going to wear this tie or that one?B: ________will do.　　

2).　　_____　 　City　　 Lights nor Modern Times was a colored film.　　

3). ---How many films acted by Charlie Chaplin have you seen?

---_______.　　

4). There is ________China Daily in their reading room.　　

3．选择填空

1. They were all very tired, but__________ of them would stop to take a rest.　　

A. anyB. some

C. noneD. neither　　

2. –When shall we meet again?　　

--Make it __________day you like; it’s all the same to me.　　

A. oneB. any

C. anotherD. some　　

3.--I feel a bit hungry.　　

--Why not have__________ bread?　　

A. anyB. little

C. someD. a　　

4. The street is beautiful, for there are trees on __________.　　

A. neither sideB. either sideC. both sideD. all sides　　

5. To some life is pleasure, to__________ it is suffering.　　

A. onesB. others

C. other onesD. those　　

6. If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay________ $ 15.　　

A. anotherB. other

C. moreD. each　　

7. We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because___of us had____money on us.　　

A. all, noB. any, no

C. none, anyD. no one, any　　

8. Of all my friends_____ is so diligent as Tom.　　

A. noneB. no one

C. eitherD. neither　　

9. –Which of the two Italian films do you like better?　　

--____, because they are meaningless.　　

A. BothB. Either

C. NoneD. Neither　　

10. –Are the new rulers working?　　

--Yes,______ books are stolen.　　

A. fewB.More

C. SomeD. None　　

1.the other2.another3.others4.The others)　　

1.Either2.Neither3.None4.no)　　

选择填空

1. C三者或三者以上都不

2. Bany任何

3. Csome用于疑问句中,说话人希望得到肯定的回答

4. B街道的任何一边

5. Bsome…others一些…其余的

6. Aanother又,再

7. Cnone of us我们中没有人带钱了no one不能接of　　

8. A可以看作none of all my friends　　

9. Dneither两者都不

10. A新规则起作用了,由此推断图书失窃现象得以控制,应选few“几乎没有”none虽为否定,但其后接名词时需加介词of　　

动词不定式

“动词不定式”是一种非限定动词，由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。它不受主语的人称和数的限制.不定式具有动词的特征，它可以有自己的宾语，可以受副词的修饰.同时也具有名词.形容词和副词的特征。它可以作主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语。

不定式的时态和语态

不定式有一般式.进行式.完成式和完成进行式；有主动式，也有被动式。

以动词do为例

	主动形式	被动形式
一般式	todo	to be done
完成式	tohave done	to have been done
进行式	tobedoing	------------
完成进行式	to have been doing	--------------

不定式的句法功能

不定式在句子中可以作主语.宾语.宾补.表语.定语和状语：

1.不定式作主语

To learn a foreign language is not easy.学外语不容易。

Is it necessary to complete the design 　　

before National Day? (it为形式主语)　　

有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗？

如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加for引起的短语,即for +名词/代词宾格+不定式。

It is good for us to take part in physical labour参加体力劳动对我们有益

某些表示人的品行的形容词(如kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, wise, foolish, polite, clever, right,unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等)作表语时不定式前常可用of引起的短语,既be+形容词+of+名词/代词的宾格+不定式.　　

It is stupid of her to make such a mistake.她真蠢,犯这样的错误

2.不定式作宾语

I forgot to turn the oven on.我忘记打开炉子。能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:want,like,wish,hate,hope,prefer,continue,manage,try,ask,offer,start,forget,remember,begin,decide,agree,choose,learn,pretend,promise,mean,expect,desire等

3.不定式作宾语补足语

不定式可以和名称或代词构成复合结构,作动词的宾语,不定式作宾语补足语

We advised him to have a good rest常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, force,　　

advise,get,beg,allow,help,want,wish,like,order,expect,prefer,encourage,hate,warn,permit等.但在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at等动词后的复合宾语中,不定式不带to.在help后不定式可以带to,也可以不带to　　

The boss made the workers work day and night.老板迫使工人们日夜干活

Will you help me(to) plant this tree, please?请您帮我种这棵树好吗？

4.不定式作定语

He has a lot of questions to ask. 　　

他有许多问题要问。

不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后.不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系.如果这个不定式是不及物的,它后面应有必要的介词

I use a pen to write with. 　　

5.不定式作表语

Disney’s greatest wish was to be a famous artist.迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。

6.不定式作状语

不定式作状语可以修饰动词,表示目的,结果,或原因

To catch the first bus, I have to get up early. (目的)　　

She went aboard never to return. (结果)　　

I was surprised to see him there.(原因)　　

不定式的否定形式

否定式的否定形式是在不定式符号to前加not构成

He decided not to go home.　　

疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who, which, what, when, where, how, whether等后接不定式,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语.表语.宾语等。

When to start has not been decided.（主语）

I don’t know what to choose.（宾语）

The question is how to put the plan into practice.（表语）

动词不定式的时态的用法

（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，
I'm glad to meet you.　　

We plan to pay a visit.　　

He wants to be an artist　　

（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：

The boy pretended to be working hard.　　

He seems to be reading in his room.　　

（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：

I regretted to have told a lie.　　

I happened to have seen the film.　　

He is pleased to have met his friend.　　

动词不定式的语态的用法

当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动语态

The patient asked to be operated on at once.　　

The teacher ordered the work to be done.　　

The books and magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room.　　

如果不定式表示的是一个比谓语动作发生得更早的动作,这时不定式可用完成式的被动式

I thought it an honour to have been invited to the party.　　

The novel is said to have been translated into seven languages.　　

动词不定式省略to的情况

1.在助动词或情态动词后面

May I ask you a question?我可以问你一个问题吗?　　

2.在make, let, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, have, listen to , look at等动词后(作宾语补足语)　　

Let me hear you play the piano.让我听你演奏钢琴吧。

3.在why引起的某些问句中

Why turn off the gas?为什么不再试一下？

4.在had better, would rather, would rather…than, would sooner, would sooner…than, cannot but, do nothing but等结构后面

He can’t but agree(他不得不同意)　　

He would rather /sooner die than surrender(他宁死不屈)　　

My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive (我妈妈没办法,只好等医生来)　　

5.在“Will you please +动词不定式”一类表示邀请或命令的句型中

Will you please bring me some chicken?请给我带点鸡肉来好吗?　　

6.在“Why…”或“Why not…”一类表示建议的句型中

Why not join us? (= Why won’t you join us?)为什么不加入到我们中来吗?　　

7.在介词except, but之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,不定式一般不带to,反之则带to　　

There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining

There is no choice but to wait till it stops raining(没办法,只好等雨停了)　　

8.当作宾语的不定式再次出现时,为了避免重复,不定式往往省略,只留不定式符号to.常出现在下列动词后:want, wish, like, love, hope, plan, try ,hate等

You don’t have to eat if you don’t want to.如果你不想吃,就不必吃了

--Have you listened to the music?你听了那首曲子了吗?　　

--No, but I plan to没有,但我打算听

1.句型转换

1. It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box.　　

It is impossible _______________________such a heavy box.　　

2. It happened that you had known each other before.　　

You happened ____________________each other before.　　

3. The progress which will be made soon is of great importance.　　

The progress _________________________ is of great importance.　　

4. The boss made the workers work all night.　　

The workers were ______________all night.　　

5. When we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed.　　

When _________________ the meeting is still to be discussed.　　

6. It seemed they were writing something for somebody.　　

They seemed _______________________something for somebody.　　

7. I find that it is difficult to speak English well.　　

I find ____________________to speak English well.　　

8. Jane doesn’t know how she can improve her Chinese.　　

Jane doesn’t know__________________ improve her Chinese.　　

9. The girl got up earlier so that she might not be late again.　　

The girl got up earlier_______________________ be late again.　　

10. We found the lesson was difficult to understand.　　

We found the lesson _______________________.　　

2.单项选择

1. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything____?　　

A. to be buyingB. to buy

C. for buyingD. bought　　

2. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role______ in making the earth a better place to live.　　

A. to have playedB. to play

C. to be playedD .to be playing　　

3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple , but it remains _______whether they will enjoy it.　　

A to seeB. to be seen

C. seeingD. seen　　

4. It is said that in 　　Australia　　 there is more land than the government knows______.　　

A. it what to do with　　

B. what to do it with

C. what to do with it 　　

D. to do what with it　　

5. ---- How do deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?　　

----The key ______the problem is to meet the demand______ by the customers.　　

A. to solving; making

B. to solving; made

C to solve; making

D. to solve ; made　　

6. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market , many state-run companies are striving ______ their product more competitive.　　

A. to makeB. making

C. to have madeD. having made　　

7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.　　

A. waitingB. to wait

C. waitD. to be waiting　　

8.In order to make our city green, _______.　　

A. it is necessary to have planted more tree

B. many more trees need to plant　　

C.our city needs more treeD. we must plant more trees　　

9. With a lot of difficult problems _______,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.　　

A. settledB. settling

C. to settleD. being settled

10. _____ you the truth, I didn’t want to tell you about it.　　

A. To tellB. Telling

C. To be toldD. Told　　

11. Let your mother know all the truth. She appears ______ everything.　　

A. to tellB. to be told

C. to be tellingD. to have been told　　

12._______late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.　　

A. To sleepB. Sleeping

C. SleepD. Having　　

13. In order to improve English, _________.　　

A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes 　　

B.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself　　

C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny

D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father　　

14. Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.　　

A. to have studiedB. to study

C.to be studyingD.to have been studying　　

15. Her mother told her not to _______, _____ would be bad for her health.　　

A. keep up; whatB. keep up; which

C. stay up; whichD. stay up; what　　

参考答案

1.句型转换

1. for a child to lift2. to have known3. to be made4.made to work5. to hold　　

6. to be writing7. it difficult8.how to9. so as not to /in order not to10 difficult to understand　　

2.单项选择

1. B不定式to buy作anything的定语,表示要买的东西

2. Bplay a role in在某方面起作用to play作定语

3. Bit是形式主语, remain后接to do sth.作表语see与主语从句是动宾关系,要用不定式被动式

4. Cknows后接疑问词+动词不定式do with固定搭配it作宾语

5. Bto为介词后接动名词,过去分词短语made by the customs作demand的定语

6. A动词不定式作目的状语.表示努力的目的

7. Amean doing意味着什么mean to do打算做什么

8. Din order to make our city green是目的状语,逻辑主语是we　　

9. C新任总统现在和将来都有难题要解决

10. Ato tell the truth说实话

11. Dtell是及物动词,要用被动式,知道一切事情发生在告诉真相之前,要用不定式完成式

12. A目的状语

13. Bin order to improve English作目的状语.它的逻辑主语要和句子主语Jenny一致

14. A不定式完成式表示过去发生的事, Robert过去曾在某个国家学习过

15. Cstay up熬夜, which引导非限制性定语从句