2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷II)

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·全国卷Ⅱ

英语

(时间:120分钟　分值:120分)

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分　阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

　　阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

A

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.

During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.

He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.

Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.

My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

That family not onlyrestoredthe important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.

1. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

A. Go shopping.B. Find a house.

C. Join his family. D. Take a vacation.

2. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from.

A. a friend of his family

B. a Sydney policeman

C. a letter in his papers

D. a stranger in Sydney

3. What does the underlined word“restored”in the last paragraph mean?

A. Showed. B. Sent out.

C. Delivered. D. Gave back.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. From India to Australia.

B. Living in a New Country.

C. Turning Trash to Treasure.

D. In Search of New Friends.

B

Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it, ”says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.

But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times, ”says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.

According to US government reports, emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10. 3 million tons a year to 5. 5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.

Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6, 600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.

Twenty-five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program. “Until we do that, nothing else will change!”says Bruce Anderson.

5. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about.

A. the social movement

B. recycling techniques

C. environmental problems

D. the importance of Earth Day

6. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?

A. The grass-roots level.

B. The business circle.

C. Government officials.

D. University professors.

7. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?

A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest.

B. They have settled their environmental problems.

C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.

D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.

8. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?

A. Education. B. Planning.

C. Green living. D. CO reduction.

C

One of the latest trends(趋势)in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn. , for example, has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4, 000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country.

“I thought it would be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age. ”Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year-old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future, ”After only six months of being cared for by a 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.

Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots. “Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触)the language and culture, ”she says.

“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom, ”says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of children. “But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12. ”

The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.

9. What does the term“au pair”in the text mean?

A. A mother raising her children on her own.

B. A child learning a foreign language at home.

C. A professor in language education of children.

D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.

10. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them.

A. to live in China some day

B. to speak the language at home

C. to catch up with other children

D. to learn about the Chinese culture

11. What can we infer from the text?

A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.

B. Educated women do better in looking after children.

C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills.

D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.

D

Metro Pocket Guide

Metrorail(地铁)

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.

Farecard machines are in every station. Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.

Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a. m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.

Hours of service

Open:5 a. m. Mon. —Fri.7 a. m. Sat. —Sun.

Close:midnight Sun. —Thurs. 3 a. m. Fri. —Sat. nights

Last train times vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times posted in stations.

Metrobus

When paying with exact change, the fare is $1. 35. When paying with a SmarTripcard, the fare is $1. 25.

Fares for senior/disabled customers

Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripcard. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, SmarTripcards and passes, please visit MetroOpensDoors. com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.

Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100.

Travel tips(提示)

·Avoid riding during weekday rush periods—before 9:30 a. m. and between 4 and 6 p. m.

·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.

12. What should you know about farecard machines?

A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a. m.

B. They are connected to change machines.

C. They offer special service to the elderly.

D. They make change for no more than $5.

13. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?

A. At midnight. B. At 3 a. m.

C. At 5 a. m. D. At 7 p. m.

14. What is good about a SmarTripcard?

A. It is convenient for old people.

B. It saves money for its users.

C. It can be bought at any time.

D. It is sold on the Internet.

15. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?

A. 202-962-1195 B. 202-962-1100

C. 202-637-7000 D. 202-637-8000

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

　　根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often:ability, money, and time.16Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:

1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already?17

2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread?18It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.

3.19This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

Hopefully that gives you a good start.20And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

第二部分　英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节　完形填空(共20小题;每小题1. 5分,满分30分)

　　阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top21, but on their way back conditions were very22. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon23alone, he would probably get back24. But Simon decided to risk his25and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).

As they26down, the weather got worse. Then another27occurred. They couldn’t see or hear each other and,28, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁). It was29for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe’s30was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice.31, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to32. In tears, he cut the rope. Joe33into a huge crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn’t walk, but he34to get out of the crevasse and started to35towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers36.

Simon had37the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be38, but he didn’t want to leave39. Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe’s voice. He couldn’t40it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.

21. A. hurriedlyB. carefully

C. successfully D. early

22. A. difficultB. similarC. specialD. normal

23. A. climbed B. worked

C. rested D. continued

24. A. unwillingly B. safely

C. slowly D. regretfully

25. A. fortune B. time C. health D. life

26. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked

27. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble

28. A. by mistake B. by chance

C. by choice D. by luck

29. A. unnecessary B. practical

C. important D. impossible

30. A. height B. weight

C. strength D. equipment

31. A. Finally B. Patiently

C. Surely D. Quickly

32. A. stand back B. take a rest

C. make a decision D. hold on

33. A. jumped B. fell C. escaped D. backed

34. A. managed B. planned

C. waited D. hoped

35. A. run B. skate C. move D. march

36. A. around B. away C. above D. along

37. A. headed for B. traveled to

C. left for D. returned to

38. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late

39. A. secretly B. tiredly

C. immediately D. anxiously

40. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept

第Ⅱ卷

第二部分　英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分,满分15分)

　　阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about41(be)late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop,42some of them looked very anxious and43(disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next44the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike45(catch)my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused46(stop)until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept47(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “48anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear!It’s49(I). ”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers50(sudden)became friendly to one another.

第三部分　写作(共两节,满分35分)

第一节　短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

My dream school starts at 8:30 a. m. and ends at 3:30 p. m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.

My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.

第二节　书面表达(满分25分)

　　一家英语报社向中学生征文,主题是“十年后的我”。请根据下列要点和你的梦想完成短文。

1.家庭;

2.工作;

3.业余生活。

注意:1.词数100个左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3.开头语已为你写好。

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析

【文章大意】在陌生的城市悉尼, 我丈夫的手提箱丢失了, 他向警察报案后, 焦急等待。在那天较晚的时候, 一个陌生人打来电话, 说他们找到了我丈夫丢失的手提箱中的文件。

1. B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知, Rashid到达悉尼后, 要为我和孩子找房子。故选B。

2. C　推理判断题。根据第五段的At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. 可知, 他们是从文件中的一封信中发现了Rashid的电话号码, 然后给他打了电话。故选C。

3. D　词义猜测题。根据restored所在的句子以及上文可知, 我丈夫丢了手提箱中的文件, 捡到文件的那一家人把文件归还给我们。restore表示“将(某失物等)归还原主”, 相当于give back。故选D。

4. C　主旨大意题。我丈夫丢失的重要文件是被一家人在垃圾桶中发现的, 然后归还了我们。由此可知选C“失而复得(变废为宝)”。

【文章大意】自从1970年第一个地球日成立以来, 美国人的环保意识不断增强, 环境得到了很大改善。

5. C　细节理解题。根据第一段中Anderson说的话We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it可知, 在1970年之前, 美国人没有注意环境问题。故选C。

6. A　细节理解题。根据第二段的Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. 可知, 主要是普通大众参与到保护环境中。故选A。

7. D　推理判断题。根据第三段可知, 美国人在环保方面虽然还有问题, 但是通过有效的措施减少了污染。由此可知选D。

8. A　推理判断题。在最后一段中提到, 在25年前, 几乎没有保护环境的教育, 但现在几乎所有的学校都有这样的教育项目, 由此可知, 教育会对环境保护起到重要的作用。故选A。

【文章大意】目前, 在美国, 越来越多的人雇用中国育婴女佣(au pair), 他们认为孩子可以从她们那儿学到汉语。

9. D　词义猜测题。根据第二段的only six months of being cared for by a 25-year-old woman from China以及下文可以推测出au pair表示“育婴女佣, 保姆”。故选D。

10. D　细节理解题。根据第三段的my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to the language and culture可知。

11. A　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知, 在美国, 越来越多的人雇用中国育婴女佣是为了学习汉语。故选A。

【文章大意】本文主要告诉我们一些乘坐Metrorail和Metrobus的提示和指导。

12. D　细节理解题。根据Metrorail这一部分的farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change可知选D。

13. B　细节理解题。根据Hours of service中的Close:3 a. m. Fri. —Sat. nights可知。

14. B　推理判断题。根据Metrobus中的内容可知, 用SmarTripcard付车费可以省钱。故选B。

15. A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195. 可知。

【文章大意】本文作者讲了怎样在时间紧张的情况下做好饭。主要提到了三点:提前想好, 利用好时间和尝试做不同的饭菜。

16. B　根据空前面提到的ability, money, and time以及后面两句的内容, 可知此处指的是ability。故选B。

17. G　这部分提到做饭要提前想好, 做好计划。故G符合。

18. C　空前面提到你要做一块面包吗? 空后面提到用同样的时间可以做更多的饭菜。所以此处应是利用好时间多做几个菜。故C项符合。

19. A　根据这一部分中的experimentation以及The more you learn and the more you try可知, 这部分强调尝试做不同的饭菜。故选A。

20. F　根据后面一句可知, 此处指我们要改变吃饭和生活的方式。故选F。

【文章大意】本文主要讲了Joe Simpson和Simon Yates爬山, 在下山时, Joe受伤了, Simon没有放弃朋友, 决定用绳子慢慢把Joe放下去。但是, 由于疏忽, Simon把Joe降在一个峭壁边上。Joe不能爬回去, Simon也不能把他拉上去。Simon只能割断绳子, Simon回到了营地, 三天后, Joe竟然也活着回到了营地。

21. C　逻辑推理题。根据后半句中的on their way back可知, 此处指他们最终成功地(successfully)爬到了山顶。

22. A　逻辑推理题。根据下一句Joe fell and broke his leg可知, 此处指下山时, 情况变得很糟, 很艰难(difficult)。

23. D　逻辑推理题。Joe受伤了, 如果Simon独自继续(continue)下山, 他可能会安全回去。

24. B　背景常识题。如果Simon不带着受伤的Joe, 他很可能会安全地(safely)回去。

25. D　逻辑推理题。此处指冒失去生命的危险, Simon决定用绳子慢慢把Joe放下去。这的确有绳断人亡的危险。

26. C　词语辨析题。lie down躺下; settle down定居下来; go down下降; look down向下看。根据上下文可知, 在他们利用绳子下山的过程中, 天气变得更糟, 所以选C。

27. D　逻辑推理题。下山时, Joe受伤了, 这是一个麻烦, 现在天气变恶劣了, 又是一个麻烦(trouble)。

28. A　词语辨析题。他们彼此不能看见或听见, 所以, 由于疏忽, Simon把Joe降在一个峭壁边上。by mistake错误地; by chance偶然; by choice出于选择; by luck侥幸地。

29. D　逻辑推理题。Simon把Joe降在一个峭壁边上, 所以Joe爬回去或Simon把Joe拉上去都是不可能的, 因为Joe受伤了。

30. B　背景常识题。因为Joe在下面, 所以他的体重也拉着Simon慢慢地向那个峭壁移动。

31. A　逻辑推理题。为了两个人不都从峭壁上掉下去, Simon最后不得不做决定。

32. C　词语辨析题。stand back退后; take a rest休息; make a decision做决定; hold on抓住, 坚持。根据下文可知他割断了绳子, 所以此处指他要做决定。

33. B　逻辑推理题。此处指Joe掉进了一个大裂缝里。jump into跳进; fall into落入; escape into逃入; back into走回, 倒车撞上。

34. A　逻辑推理题。Joe虽然不能走, 但设法从那个裂缝里爬出来了。manage to do设法做成。

35. C　逻辑推理题。他不能走, 所以只能慢慢向营地移动。move移动, 挪动。

36. B　逻辑推理题。此处指离营地有十千米远。away表示“(在空间或时间上)离(某人或某事物)多远”, 常用“时间段/一段距离+away”表示。

37. D　词语辨析题。head for/leave for/travel to出发去; return to回到。此处指Simon已经回到了营地。

38. A　逻辑推理题。根据这一段的最后一个单词alive可知, Simon认为Joe可能已经死了。

39. C　逻辑推理题。根据上文可知Simon是一个重情义的人, 虽然他认为Joe一定已经死了, 但他不想马上(immediately)离开。

40. B　逻辑推理题。Simon认为Joe可能已经死了, 现在Joe活着回来, 所以他难以置信。

【文章大意】本文主要讲了一个小伙子带着他人在停车点丢失的箱子追赶公交车, 把箱子归还给失主的事情。

41. 【解析】being。about是介词, 后面接动词的-ing形式。

42. 【解析】and。此处前后之间是并列关系, and连接前后两个句子。

43. 【解析】disappointed。disappointed和前面的anxious并列, 形容等车人的心情。

【易错误区】disappointed还是disappointing

(1)误导原因:认为这两个词都是disappoint的形容词, 都可以修饰人。

(2)去伪存真:disappointed表示人内心失望的; disappointing表示令人失望的。

44. 【解析】to。next to是固定搭配, 表示“靠近, 挨着”。

45. 【解析】caught。caught作句子的谓语, 因为讲的是过去的事情, 所以用一般过去时。

46. 【解析】to stop。根据refuse to do sth. 可知填to stop。

47. 【解析】riding。keep后面接动词-ing形式, 表示“一直做某事”。

48. 【解析】Did。此处问在上一站谁丢了箱子, 问的是过去的事情, 且此处是主动语态, 所以用Did。

【易错误区】Did还是Was

(1)误导原因:认为两个词都可以放在句首构成疑问句。

(2)去伪存真:Did表示此句是过去的主动语态, were表示此句是被动语态。如果空后面改为a suitcase lost at the last stop, 就填Was。因为此时表示被动, 指这个箱子是在上一站被丢的吗。

49. 【解析】me/mine。司机问在上一站谁丢了箱子, 此处回答是我或是我的。所以填me/mine。

50. 【解析】suddenly。此处需要副词修饰动词became。

短文改错

My dream school starts at 8:30 a. m. and ends at 3:30 p. m.Theyare three

There

lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. Wedidn’tneed to do somany

don’t much

homework. Therefore, we have more timewithafter-school activities. For

for

example, we can do reading for one and a halfhourand play sports for one hour

hours

every day. My dream schoollooklike a big garden. There are all kinds of the

looks

flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, orsatby the lake listening∧music. The teachers here are kind andhelpfully.

sit to helpful

They are not only our teachers but also our friends.

1.【解析】第二句的They→There。此处是there be句型, 表示上午有三节课, 下午有两节课。

2.【解析】第三句的didn’t→don’t。根据上下文可知, 此处用一般现在时。

3.【解析】第三句的many→much。many修饰名词的复数形式或集体名词, much修饰不可数名词, homework是不可数名词, 所以用much。

4.【解析】第四句的with→for。此处用for表示目的。此处指我们有更多的时间进行课外活动。

5.【解析】第五句的第一个hour→hours。此处指一个半小时, 所以用hour的复数形式。

6.【解析】第六句的look→looks。句子的主语是单数形式, 所以谓语也用第三人称单数, 根据上下文用一般现在时, 所以用looks。

7.【解析】去掉第七句flowers前面的the。all kinds of后面直接跟名词, 名词前面不加冠词。

8.【解析】第八句的sat→sit。此处sit和前面的lie是并列关系。

9.【解析】第八句的listening后面加to。listen是不及物动词, 其后面加to才能再接宾语。

10.【解析】第九句的helpfully→helpful。此处需要用形容词作表语, 和kind构成并列关系。

书面表达

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will be twenty eight years old by then. I will have my own family, probably with a lovely baby. I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues. I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world. In a word, my life will be richer and more colorful.